Concepts of Pain Management

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Patients in critical care units are sedated and ventilated and cannot report pain because of mechanical ventilation, tubes and drains, or as a consequence of loss of consciousness. Acute pain has emerged as a leading stressor for ICU patients. Various factors may increase the probability of pain such as including altered medications administration effects, altered protein binding, altered volume status, and end-organ dysfunction. These analgesics are given to the patient only through an intravenous route. The complications of inappropriate pain management in ICU are prolonged mechanical ventilation, increased ICU stay, hypoxemia, self-removal of tubes and catheters, violence toward caregivers, patient-ventilator asynchrony, pain-related immune suppression, readmission for further pain management, agitation, myocardial ischemia, delirium, and chronic pain.

Topics

• The experience of pain (physiology of pain)
• Management of pain
• Assessment of pain
• Nursing interventions for the management of pain

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